docs: add common terms documentation to website (#680)

* docs: add common terms documentation to website

* minor cleanup

* some rewording and reformatting.

* tighten up world definition clarity

Co-authored-by: Rome Reginelli <mduo13@gmail.com>

* Clarify seed definition a bit better

Co-authored-by: Rome Reginelli <mduo13@gmail.com>

* add text for "out of logic" and that slot names must be unique

* rename common terms to glossary

Co-authored-by: Rome Reginelli <mduo13@gmail.com>

WebHostLib/__init__.py

@@ -141,6 +141,11 @@ def faq(lang):
     return render_template("faq.html", lang=lang)
 
 
+@app.route('/glossary/<string:lang>/')
+def terms(lang):
+    return render_template("glossary.html", lang=lang)
+
+
 @app.route('/seed/<suuid:seed>')
 def view_seed(seed: UUID):
     seed = Seed.get(id=seed)

WebHostLib/static/assets/faq/faq_en.md

@@ -49,6 +49,12 @@ If you are ready to start randomizing games, or want to start playing your favor
 our discord server at the [Archipelago Discord](https://discord.gg/archipelago). There are always people ready to answer
 any questions you might have.
 
+## What are some common terms I should know?
+
+As randomizers and multiworld randomizers have been around for a while now there are quite a lot of common terms
+and jargon that is used in conjunction by the communities surrounding them. For a lot of the terms that are more common
+to Archipelago and its specific systems please see the [Glossary](/glossary/en).
+
 ## I want to add a game to the Archipelago randomizer. How do I do that?
 
 The best way to get started is to take a look at our code on GitHub

WebHostLib/static/assets/faq/glossary_en.md

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Multiworld Glossary
+
+There are a lot of common terms used when playing in different game randomizer communities and in multiworld as well.
+This document serves as a lookup for common terms that may be used by users in the community or in various other
+documentation.
+
+## Item
+Items are what get shuffled around in your world or other worlds that you then receive. This could be a sword, a stat 
+upgrade, a spell, or any other potential receivable for your game.
+
+## Location
+Locations are where items are placed in your game. Whenever you interact with a location, you or another player will
+then receive an item. A location could be a chest, an enemy drop, a shop purchase, or any other interactable that can
+contain items in your game.
+
+## Check
+A check is a common term for when you "check", or pick up, a location. In terms of Archipelago this is usually used for
+when a player goes to a location and sends its item, or "checks" the location. Players will often reference their now
+randomized locations as checks.
+
+## Slot
+A slot is the player name and number assigned during generation. The number of slots is equal to the number of players,
+or "worlds", created. Each name must be unique as these are used to identify the slot user.
+
+## World
+World in terms of Archipelago can mean multiple things and is used interchangeably in many situations.
+* During gameplay, a world is a single instance of a game, occupying one player "slot". However, 
+Archipelago allows multiple players to connect to the same slot; then those players can share a world 
+and complete it cooperatively. For games with native cooperative play, you can also play together and
+share a world that way, usually with only one player connected to the multiworld.
+* On the programming side, a world typically represents the package that integrates Archipelago with a
+particular game. For example this could be the entire `worlds/factorio` directory.
+
+## RNG
+Acronym for "Random Number Generator." Archipelago uses its own custom Random object with a unique seed per generation,
+or, if running from source, a seed can be supplied and this seed will control all randomization during generation as all
+game worlds will have access to it.
+
+## Seed
+A "seed" is a number used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator. Whenever you generate a new game on Archipelago
+this is a new "seed" as it has unique item placement, and you can create multiple "rooms" on the Archipelago site from a
+single seed. Using the same seed results in the random placement being the same.
+
+## Room
+Whenever you generate a seed on the Archipelago website you will be put on a seed page that contains all the seed info
+with a link to the spoiler if one exists and will show how many unique rooms exist per seed. Each room has its own 
+unique identifier that is separate from the seed. The room page is where you can find information to connect to the
+multiworld and download any patches if necessary. If you have a particularly fun or interesting seed, and you want to 
+share it with somebody you can link them to this seed page, where they can generate a new room to play it! For seeds 
+generated with race mode enabled, the seed page will only show rooms created by the unique user so the seed page is 
+perfectly safe to share for racing purposes.
+
+## Logic
+Base behavior of all seeds generated by Archipelago is they are expected to be completable based on the requirements of
+the settings. This is done by using "logic" in order to determine valid locations to place items while still being able
+to reach said location without this item. For the purposes of the randomizer a location is considered "in logic" if you 
+can reach it with your current toolset of items or skills based on settings. Some players are able to obtain locations
+"out of logic" by performing various glitches or tricks that the settings may not account for and tend to mention this
+when sending out an item they obtained this way.
+
+## Progression
+Certain items will allow access to more locations and are considered progression items as they "progress" the seed.
+
+## Trash
+A term used for "filler" items that have no bearing on the generation and are either marginally useful for the player
+or useless. These items can be very useful depending on the player but are never very important and as such are usually
+termed trash.
+
+## Burger King / BK Mode
+A term used in multiworlds when a player is unable to continue to progress and is awaiting an item. The term came to be 
+after a player, allegedly, was unable to progress during a multiworld and went to Burger King while waiting to receive
+items from other players.
+
+* "Logical BK" is when the player is unable to progress according to the settings of their game but may still be able to do
+things that would be "out of logic" by the generation.
+
+* "Hard / full BK" is when the player is completely unable to progress even with tricks they may know and are unable to
+continue to play, aside from doing something like killing enemies for experience or money.
+
+## Sphere
+Archipelago calculates the game playthrough by using a "sphere" system where it has a state for each player and checks
+to see what the players are able to reach with their current items. Any location that is reachable with the current
+state of items is a "sphere." For the purposes of Archipelago it starts playthrough calculation by distributing sphere 0
+items which are items that are either forced in the player's inventory by the game or placed in the `start_inventory` in
+their settings. Sphere 1 is then all accessible locations the players can reach with all the items they received from
+sphere 0, or their starting inventory. The playthrough continues in this fashion calculating a number of spheres until
+all players have completed their goal.
+
+## Scouts / Scouting
+In some games there are locations that have visible items even if the item itself is unobtainable at the current time.
+Some games utilize a scouting feature where when the player "sees" the item it will give a free hint for the item in the
+client letting the players know what the exact item is, since if the item was for that game it would know but the item
+being foreign is a lot harder to represent visually.
+

WebHostLib/static/assets/glossary.js

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+window.addEventListener('load', () => {
+    const tutorialWrapper = document.getElementById('glossary-wrapper');
+    new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        const ajax = new XMLHttpRequest();
+        ajax.onreadystatechange = () => {
+            if (ajax.readyState !== 4) { return; }
+            if (ajax.status === 404) {
+                reject("Sorry, the glossary page is not available in that language yet.");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (ajax.status !== 200) {
+                reject("Something went wrong while loading the glossary.");
+                return;
+            }
+            resolve(ajax.responseText);
+        };
+        ajax.open('GET', `${window.location.origin}/static/assets/faq/` +
+          `glossary_${tutorialWrapper.getAttribute('data-lang')}.md`, true);
+        ajax.send();
+    }).then((results) => {
+        // Populate page with HTML generated from markdown
+        showdown.setOption('tables', true);
+        showdown.setOption('strikethrough', true);
+        showdown.setOption('literalMidWordUnderscores', true);
+        tutorialWrapper.innerHTML += (new showdown.Converter()).makeHtml(results);
+        adjustHeaderWidth();
+
+        // Reset the id of all header divs to something nicer
+        const headers = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6'));
+        const scrollTargetIndex = window.location.href.search(/#[A-z0-9-_]*$/);
+        for (let i=0; i < headers.length; i++){
+            const headerId = headers[i].innerText.replace(/[ ]/g,'-').toLowerCase()
+            headers[i].setAttribute('id', headerId);
+            headers[i].addEventListener('click', () =>
+                window.location.href = window.location.href.substring(0, scrollTargetIndex) + `#${headerId}`);
+        }
+
+        // Manually scroll the user to the appropriate header if anchor navigation is used
+        if (scrollTargetIndex > -1) {
+            try{
+                const scrollTarget = window.location.href.substring(scrollTargetIndex + 1);
+                document.getElementById(scrollTarget).scrollIntoView({ behavior: "smooth" });
+            } catch(error) {
+                console.error(error);
+            }
+        }
+    }).catch((error) => {
+        console.error(error);
+        tutorialWrapper.innerHTML =
+            `<h2>This page is out of logic!</h2>
+            <h3>Click <a href="${window.location.origin}">here</a> to return to safety.</h3>`;
+    });
+});

WebHostLib/templates/glossary.html

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{% extends 'pageWrapper.html' %}
+
+{% block head %}
+    {% include 'header/grassHeader.html' %}
+    <title>Glossary</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename="styles/markdown.css") }}" />
+    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/showdown/1.9.1/showdown.min.js"
+            integrity="sha512-L03kznCrNOfVxOUovR6ESfCz9Gfny7gihUX/huVbQB9zjODtYpxaVtIaAkpetoiyV2eqWbvxMH9fiSv5enX7bw=="
+            crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+    <script type="application/ecmascript" src="{{ url_for('static', filename="assets/glossary.js") }}"></script>
+{% endblock %}
+
+{% block body %}
+    <div id="glossary-wrapper" data-lang="{{ lang }}" class="markdown">
+        <!-- Content generated by JavaScript -->
+    </div>
+{%  endblock %}

WebHostLib/templates/siteMap.html

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
             <li><a href="/user-content">User Content</a></li>
             <li><a href="/weighted-settings">Weighted Settings Page</a></li>
             <li><a href="{{url_for('stats')}}">Game Statistics</a></li>
+            <li><a href="/common-terms">Common Multiworld Terms</a></li>
         </ul>
 
         <h2>Game Info Pages</h2>